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Operator Precedence and Associativity

Each operator in the set of operators that the expression evaluator supports has a designated precedence in the precedence hierarchy and includes a direction in which it is evaluated. The direction of evaluation for an operator is operator associativity. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with lower precedence. If a complex expression has multiple operators, operator precedence determines the order in which the operations are performed. The order of execution can significantly affect the resulting value. Some operators have equal precedence. If an expression contains multiple operators of equal precedence, the operators are evaluated directionally, from left to right or right to left.

The following table lists the precedence of operators in order of high to low. Operators at the same level have equal precedence.

Operator symbol Type of Operation Associativity

( )

Expression

Left to right

–, !, ~

Unary

Right to left

casts

Unary

Right to left

*, / ,%

Multiplicative

Left to right

+, –

Additive

Left to right

<, >, <=, >=

Relational

Left to right

==, !=

Equality

Left to right

&

Bitwise AND

Left to right

^

Bitwise exclusive OR

Left to right

|

Bitwise inclusive OR

Left to right

&&

Logical AND

Left to right

||

Logical OR

Left to right

? :

Conditional expression

Right to left

See Also

Other Resources

Operators (SSIS)

Help and Information

Getting SQL Server 2005 Assistance