Updated: 2009-11-12
[This article is pre-release documentation and is subject to change in future releases.]
Excel Services in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 is designed to help you analyze business data and increase business intelligence. Excel Services is a Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 shared service that you can use to publish Microsoft Excel client workbooks on SharePoint Server. The published workbooks are available throughout your organization for knowledge workers to use. Any published workbook can be managed and secured according to your organizational needs and then shared throughout.
With business intelligence, you can store data that represents your organization’s key business processes, organize that data in a useful manner, and present that data as meaningful information. Knowledge workers can act on that information to increase productivity and to provide feedback that improves underlying business processes.
New Excel Services Features
Excel Services introduces many new features for the IT professional user. Several of these new features originate in SharePoint Server but directly affect all of the shared services. New shared features and the exclusive features that are added when you deploy Excel Services are discussed in this section.
- Unattended Service Account Excel Services provides a low privilege unattended service account for customers to use as a single “get data” type of account. Customers can use this as a privileged account in Microsoft Office 2010. Excel Services relies on the Secure Store Service to store the encrypted unattended account. The unattended account credentials are stored or cached as needed per session or connection so that when a workbook is loaded that contains a data connection for the unattended account this account is called from the Secure Store and used. The Secure Store stores the Excel Services secured data and is present on all SharePoint Server farms. The Secure Store functions regardless of how authentication is configured in a farm.
- Manage Service Applications The SharePoint Central Administration Web site contains a link to the Manage Service Applications page, which lists all of the services the user has rights to administer. Essentially, all available services for a particular user or role are collected on the Manage Service Applications page. Each service has its own administration page, for instance Manage Excel Services.
- Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell is capable of a complete Excel Services deployment, as well as the unattended installation and deployment of SharePoint Server Technical Preview. Administrators who need to look up Trusted Locations and user-defined functions are now able to do this by using a single Windows PowerShell key. All Stsadm commands used against Excel Services–specific settings will fail; instead use the SPServiceApplication Windows PowerShell command.
- Trusted Locations Trusted locations are now provided by default; no administrator action typically is needed. However, if Universal Naming Convention (UNC) types of trusted folders or locations are used with Excel Services, the administrator must create new trusted locations for these.
- Multi-user Collaboration Multi-user collaborative environment provides multiple users with the ability to edit any workbook simultaneously. (When user is active, the polling rate is determined by an adaptive algorithm executed on the ECS. All edits are processed in the order in which they are received by the ECS so the last edit overwrites any previous edit to the same workbook cell.)
- Delegate Services Permissions SharePoint Server contains a new shared service infrastructure that allows the central administrator to delegate permissions to manage other services to users.
- Slicer feature The Slicer feature is a new type of data filter in Microsoft Excel 2010 that is interactive, flexible in design and layout, and always conveys the current filtering state. With these data filters more people benefit from the power of analyzing data using PivotTables and OLAP Functions. The Slicer feature gives Excel 2010 authors the ability to easily write OLAP data models and build rich, interactive reports around them. The reports can then be published to Excel Services and will display and interact just like they do in the Excel client. The Slicer feature also is parameterized by other Web Parts in BI dashboards.
The Slicer feature does manual filtering only and does not provide advanced filtering such as label, date, value, and top-10 types of filtering. The Slicer feature can be connected to multiple PivotTables and act as a common, shared filter so selections made in this Slicer feature are automatically propagated to all PivotTables that are connected to it. Additionally, the Slicer feature can be formatted by applying styles.
New Excel Services custom applications
Custom applications are created with user-defined functions (UDFs) and these functions remain available for Excel Services. Excel Services APIs will work with Excel Services and there are also a few new APIs. UDFs are common functions that extend the calculation and data-import capabilities of Excel. See the Microsoft MSDN library article, Excel Services User-Defined Functions for more details. There are now two additional methods available to build custom applications:
- REST API The REST API is a client server software architecture/protocol that defines entities and how to access them. This API uses hyperlinks and is stateless. REST lets the user access entities (ranges, charts) in workbooks using Excel Services through the HTTP protocol and also provides a method for users to set values in these ranges, including single cells.
The REST API is based on the Representational State Transfer services that are based on two requirements:
- Addressing scheme used to locate networked resources
- Methodology for returning representations of these resources
- JSOM or ECMAScript (JScript or JavaScript object model) ECMAScript enables syndication, mash-ups, automation of Excel Services, and the extension of Excel Services by third parties. It also provides a subset of Microsoft Excel Web Access functionality that lets an administrator or developer insert JavaScript code on a Web page to affect range navigation, cell values, and other grid operations. The ECMAScript mirrors the Excel Services Web Services API functionality; however, it is not a proxy for this API.