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TRY_CAST (Transact-SQL)

  • Article
  • 09/03/2024

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric

Returns a value cast to the specified data type if the cast succeeds; otherwise, returns null.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

TRY_CAST ( expression AS data_type [ ( length ) ] )

Arguments

expression

Specifies any valid expression to be cast.

data_type

The data type into which to cast expression.

length

Optional integer that specifies the length of the target data type.

The range of acceptable values is determined by the value of data_type.

Return types

Returns a value cast to the specified data type if the cast succeeds; otherwise, returns null.

Remarks

TRY_CAST takes the value passed to it and tries to convert it to the specified data_type. If the cast succeeds, TRY_CAST returns the value as the specified data_type; if an error occurs, null is returned. However if you request a conversion that is explicitly not permitted, then TRY_CAST fails with an error.

TRY_CAST isn't a new reserved keyword and is available in all compatibility levels. TRY_CAST has the same semantics as TRY_CONVERT when connecting to remote servers.

TRY_CAST doesn't work for varchar(max) if the length is over 8000.

Examples

A. TRY_CAST returns null

The following example demonstrates that TRY_CAST returns null when the cast fails.

SELECT
CASE WHEN TRY_CAST('test' AS FLOAT) IS NULL
     THEN 'Cast failed'
     ELSE 'Cast succeeded'
END AS Result;
GO

Here's the result set.

Result
------------
Cast failed
  
(1 row(s) affected)

The following example demonstrates that the expression must be in the expected format.

SET DATEFORMAT dmy;

SELECT TRY_CAST('12/31/2022' AS DATETIME2) AS Result;
GO

Here's the result set.

Result
----------------------
NULL
  
(1 row(s) affected)

B. TRY_CAST fails with an error

The following example demonstrates that TRY_CAST returns an error when the cast is explicitly not permitted.

SELECT TRY_CAST(4 AS XML) AS Result;
GO

The result of this statement is an error, because an integer can't be cast into an xml data type.

Explicit conversion from data type int to xml is not allowed.

C. TRY_CAST succeeds

This example demonstrates that the expression must be in the expected format.

SET DATEFORMAT mdy;

SELECT TRY_CAST('12/31/2022' AS DATETIME2) AS Result;
GO

Here's the result set.

Result
----------------------------------
2022-12-31 00:00:00.0000000
  
(1 row(s) affected)

See also