This topic discusses possible responses to a full transaction log and suggests how to avoid it in the future. When the transaction log becomes full, SQL Server Database Engine issues a 9002 error. The log can fill when the database is online or in recovery. If the log fills while the database is online, the database remains online but can only be read, not updated. If the log fills during recovery, the Database Engine marks the database as RESOURCE PENDING. In either case, user action is required to make log space available.
The appropriate response to a full transaction log depends partly on what condition or conditions caused the log to fill. To discover what is preventing log truncation in a given case, use the log_reuse_wait and log_reuse_wait_desc columns of the sys.database catalog view. For more information, see sys.databases (Transact-SQL). For descriptions of factors that can delay log truncation, see Factors That Can Delay Log Truncation.
Alternatives for responding to a full transaction log include:
These alternatives are discussed in the following sections. Choose a response that fits your situation best.
Under the full recovery model or bulk-logged recovery model, if the transaction log has not been backed up recently, backup might be what is preventing log truncation. If the log has never been backed up, you must create two log backups to permit the Database Engine to truncate the log to the point of the last backup. Truncating the log frees space for new log records. To keep the log from filling up again, take log backups frequently.
To create a transaction log backup
You might be able to free disk space on the disk drive that contains the transaction log file for the database by deleting or moving other files. The freed disk space allows the recovery system to enlarge the log file automatically.
If you cannot free enough disk space on the drive that currently contains the log file, consider moving the file to another drive with sufficient space.
To move a log file
If space is available on the log disk, you can increase the size of the log file. The maximum size for log files is two terabytes (TB) per log file.
To increase the file size
If autogrow is disabled, the database is online, and sufficient space is available on the disk, either:
Add a new log file to the database on a different disk that has sufficient space by using ALTER DATABASE <database_name> ADD LOG FILE.
To add a log file
For more information, see Managing Long-Running Transactions.