% (Modulo) (Transact-SQL)

dividend

Is the numeric expression to divide. dividend must be a valid expression of any one of the data types in the integer and monetary data type categories, or the numeric data type.

divisor

Is the numeric expression by which to divide the dividend. divisor must be any valid expression of any one of the data types in the integer and monetary data type categories, or the numeric data type.

Determined by data types of the two arguments.

The modulo arithmetic operator can be used in the select list of the SELECT statement with any combination of column names, numeric constants, or any valid expression of the integer and monetary data type categories or the numeric data type.

A. Simple example

SELECT 38 / 5 AS Integer, 38 % 5 AS Remainder ;

B. Example using columns in a table

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT TOP(100)ProductID, UnitPrice, OrderQty,
    CAST((UnitPrice) AS int) % OrderQty AS Modulo
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail;
GO

Reference