Actualizado:
17 de julio de 2006
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 utiliza palabras clave reservadas para definir, manipular y tener acceso a las bases de datos. Las palabras clave reservadas forman parte de la gramática del lenguaje Transact-SQL que utiliza SQL Server para analizar y comprender las instrucciones y lotes de Transact-SQL. Aunque resulta sintácticamente posible utilizar palabras clave reservadas de SQL Server como identificadores y nombres de objetos en secuencias de comandos de Transact-SQL, sólo se puede hacer utilizando identificadores delimitados.
La siguiente tabla enumera las palabras clave reservadas de SQL Server.
|
ADD
|
EXISTS
|
PRIMARY
|
|
ALL
|
EXIT
|
PRINT
|
|
ALTER
|
EXTERNAL
|
PROC
|
|
AND
|
FETCH
|
PROCEDURE
|
|
ANY
|
FILE
|
PUBLIC
|
|
AS
|
FILLFACTOR
|
RAISERROR
|
|
ASC
|
FOR
|
READ
|
|
AUTHORIZATION
|
FOREIGN
|
READTEXT
|
|
BACKUP
|
FREETEXT
|
RECONFIGURE
|
|
BEGIN
|
FREETEXTTABLE
|
REFERENCES
|
|
BETWEEN
|
FROM
|
REPLICATION
|
|
BREAK
|
FULL
|
RESTORE
|
|
BROWSE
|
FUNCTION
|
RESTRICT
|
|
BULK
|
GOTO
|
RETURN
|
|
BY
|
GRANT
|
REVERT
|
|
CASCADE
|
GROUP
|
REVOKE
|
|
CASE
|
HAVING
|
RIGHT
|
|
CHECK
|
HOLDLOCK
|
ROLLBACK
|
|
CHECKPOINT
|
IDENTITY
|
ROWCOUNT
|
|
CLOSE
|
IDENTITY_INSERT
|
ROWGUIDCOL
|
|
CLUSTERED
|
IDENTITYCOL
|
RULE
|
|
COALESCE
|
IF
|
SAVE
|
|
COLLATE
|
IN
|
SCHEMA
|
|
COLUMN
|
INDEX
|
SECURITYAUDIT
|
|
COMMIT
|
INNER
|
SELECT
|
|
COMPUTE
|
INSERT
|
SESSION_USER
|
|
CONSTRAINT
|
INTERSECT
|
SET
|
|
CONTAINS
|
INTO
|
SETUSER
|
|
CONTAINSTABLE
|
IS
|
SHUTDOWN
|
|
CONTINUE
|
JOIN
|
SOME
|
|
CONVERT
|
KEY
|
STATISTICS
|
|
CREATE
|
KILL
|
SYSTEM_USER
|
|
CROSS
|
LEFT
|
TABLE
|
|
CURRENT
|
LIKE
|
TABLESAMPLE
|
|
CURRENT_DATE
|
LINENO
|
TEXTSIZE
|
|
CURRENT_TIME
|
LOAD
|
THEN
|
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
|
NATIONAL
|
TO
|
|
CURRENT_USER
|
NOCHECK
|
TOP
|
|
CURSOR
|
NONCLUSTERED
|
TRAN
|
|
DATABASE
|
NOT
|
TRANSACTION
|
|
DBCC
|
NULL
|
TRIGGER
|
|
DEALLOCATE
|
NULLIF
|
TRUNCATE
|
|
DECLARE
|
OF
|
TSEQUAL
|
|
DEFAULT
|
OFF
|
UNION
|
|
DELETE
|
OFFSETS
|
UNIQUE
|
|
DENY
|
ON
|
UNPIVOT
|
|
DESC
|
OPEN
|
UPDATE
|
|
DISK
|
OPENDATASOURCE
|
UPDATETEXT
|
|
DISTINCT
|
OPENQUERY
|
USE
|
|
DISTRIBUTED
|
OPENROWSET
|
USER
|
|
DOUBLE
|
OPENXML
|
VALUES
|
|
DROP
|
OPTION
|
VARYING
|
|
DUMP
|
OR
|
VIEW
|
|
ELSE
|
ORDER
|
WAITFOR
|
|
END
|
OUTER
|
WHEN
|
|
ERRLVL
|
OVER
|
WHERE
|
|
ESCAPE
|
PERCENT
|
WHILE
|
|
EXCEPT
|
PIVOT
|
WITH
|
|
EXEC
|
PLAN
|
WRITETEXT
|
|
EXECUTE
|
PRECISION
|
|
Además, el estándar SQL-2003 define una lista de palabras clave reservadas. Evite utilizar las palabras clave reservadas de SQL-2003 como nombres de objetos e identificadores. La lista de palabras clave reservadas de ODBC (que se muestra en la tabla siguiente) es igual que la de SQL-2003.
.gif) Nota: |
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La lista de palabras clave reservadas de SQL-2003 puede ser unas veces más restrictiva que SQL Server y otras veces, menos. Por ejemplo, la lista de palabras clave reservadas de SQL-2003 contiene INT, que SQL Server no necesita diferenciar como palabra clave reservada.
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Se puede utilizar palabras clave reservadas de Transact-SQL como identificadores o nombres de objetos de base de datos, tales como tablas, columnas, vistas, etc. Utilice identificadores entre comillas o identificadores delimitados. No está restringido el uso de palabras clave reservadas como nombres de variables y parámetros de procedimientos almacenados. Para obtener más información, vea Usar identificadores como nombres de objeto.
Palabras clave reservadas de ODBC
Las siguientes palabras están reservadas para su uso en llamadas a funciones de ODBC. Estas palabras no limitan la gramática mínima de SQL; sin embargo, para asegurar la compatibilidad con los controladores que admiten la gramática principal de SQL, las aplicaciones deben evitar la utilización de estas palabras clave.
A continuación se muestra la lista actual de palabras clave reservadas de ODBC.
|
ABSOLUTE
|
EXEC
|
OVERLAPS
|
|
ACTION
|
EXECUTE
|
PAD
|
|
ADA
|
EXISTS
|
PARTIAL
|
|
ADD
|
EXTERNAL
|
PASCAL
|
|
ALL
|
EXTRACT
|
POSITION
|
|
ALLOCATE
|
FALSE
|
PRECISION
|
|
ALTER
|
FETCH
|
PREPARE
|
|
AND
|
FIRST
|
PRESERVE
|
|
ANY
|
FLOAT
|
PRIMARY
|
|
ARE
|
FOR
|
PRIOR
|
|
AS
|
FOREIGN
|
PRIVILEGES
|
|
ASC
|
FORTRAN
|
PROCEDURE
|
|
ASSERTION
|
FOUND
|
PUBLIC
|
|
AT
|
FROM
|
READ
|
|
AUTHORIZATION
|
FULL
|
REAL
|
|
AVG
|
GET
|
REFERENCES
|
|
BEGIN
|
GLOBAL
|
RELATIVE
|
|
BETWEEN
|
GO
|
RESTRICT
|
|
BIT
|
GOTO
|
REVOKE
|
|
BIT_LENGTH
|
GRANT
|
RIGHT
|
|
BOTH
|
GROUP
|
ROLLBACK
|
|
BY
|
HAVING
|
ROWS
|
|
CASCADE
|
HOUR
|
SCHEMA
|
|
CASCADED
|
IDENTITY
|
SCROLL
|
|
CASE
|
IMMEDIATE
|
SECOND
|
|
CAST
|
IN
|
SECTION
|
|
CATALOG
|
INCLUDE
|
SELECT
|
|
CHAR
|
INDEX
|
SESSION
|
|
CHAR_LENGTH
|
INDICATOR
|
SESSION_USER
|
|
CHARACTER
|
INITIALLY
|
SET
|
|
CHARACTER_LENGTH
|
INNER
|
SIZE
|
|
CHECK
|
INPUT
|
SMALLINT
|
|
CLOSE
|
INSENSITIVE
|
SOME
|
|
COALESCE
|
INSERT
|
SPACE
|
|
COLLATE
|
INT
|
SQL
|
|
COLLATION
|
INTEGER
|
SQLCA
|
|
COLUMN
|
INTERSECT
|
SQLCODE
|
|
COMMIT
|
INTERVAL
|
SQLERROR
|
|
CONNECT
|
INTO
|
SQLSTATE
|
|
CONNECTION
|
IS
|
SQLWARNING
|
|
CONSTRAINT
|
ISOLATION
|
SUBSTRING
|
|
CONSTRAINTS
|
JOIN
|
SUM
|
|
CONTINUE
|
KEY
|
SYSTEM_USER
|
|
CONVERT
|
LANGUAGE
|
TABLE
|
|
CORRESPONDING
|
LAST
|
TEMPORARY
|
|
COUNT
|
LEADING
|
THEN
|
|
CREATE
|
LEFT
|
TIME
|
|
CROSS
|
LEVEL
|
TIMESTAMP
|
|
CURRENT
|
LIKE
|
TIMEZONE_HOUR
|
|
CURRENT_DATE
|
LOCAL
|
TIMEZONE_MINUTE
|
|
CURRENT_TIME
|
LOWER
|
TO
|
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
|
MATCH
|
TRAILING
|
|
CURRENT_USER
|
MAX
|
TRANSACTION
|
|
CURSOR
|
MIN
|
TRANSLATE
|
|
DATE
|
MINUTE
|
TRANSLATION
|
|
DAY
|
MODULE
|
TRIM
|
|
DEALLOCATE
|
MONTH
|
TRUE
|
|
DEC
|
NAMES
|
UNION
|
|
DECIMAL
|
NATIONAL
|
UNIQUE
|
|
DECLARE
|
NATURAL
|
UNKNOWN
|
|
DEFAULT
|
NCHAR
|
UPDATE
|
|
DEFERRABLE
|
NEXT
|
UPPER
|
|
DEFERRED
|
NO
|
USAGE
|
|
DELETE
|
NONE
|
USER
|
|
DESC
|
NOT
|
USING
|
|
DESCRIBE
|
NULL
|
VALUE
|
|
DESCRIPTOR
|
NULLIF
|
VALUES
|
|
DIAGNOSTICS
|
NUMERIC
|
VARCHAR
|
|
DISCONNECT
|
OCTET_LENGTH
|
VARYING
|
|
DISTINCT
|
OF
|
VIEW
|
|
DOMAIN
|
ON
|
WHEN
|
|
DOUBLE
|
ONLY
|
WHENEVER
|
|
DROP
|
OPEN
|
WHERE
|
|
ELSE
|
OPTION
|
WITH
|
|
END
|
OR
|
WORK
|
|
END-EXEC
|
ORDER
|
WRITE
|
|
ESCAPE
|
OUTER
|
YEAR
|
|
EXCEPT
|
OUTPUT
|
ZONE
|
|
EXCEPTION
|
|
|
Futuras palabras clave
Las siguientes palabras clave podrían quedar reservadas en futuras versiones de SQL Server a medida que se implementen nuevas características. Procure evitar utilizar estas palabras como identificadores.
|
ABSOLUTE
|
FREE
|
PRESERVE
|
|
ACTION
|
FULLTEXTTABLE
|
PRIOR
|
|
ADMIN
|
GENERAL
|
PRIVILEGES
|
|
AFTER
|
GET
|
READS
|
|
AGGREGATE
|
GLOBAL
|
REAL
|
|
ALIAS
|
GO
|
RECURSIVE
|
|
ALLOCATE
|
GROUPING
|
REF
|
|
ARE
|
HOST
|
REFERENCING
|
|
ARRAY
|
HOUR
|
RELATIVE
|
|
ASSERTION
|
IGNORE
|
RESULT
|
|
AT
|
IMMEDIATE
|
RETURNS
|
|
BEFORE
|
INDICATOR
|
ROLE
|
|
BINARY
|
INITIALIZE
|
ROLLUP
|
|
BIT
|
INITIALLY
|
ROUTINE
|
|
BLOB
|
INOUT
|
ROW
|
|
BOOLEAN
|
INPUT
|
ROWS
|
|
BOTH
|
INT
|
SAVEPOINT
|
|
BREADTH
|
INTEGER
|
SCROLL
|
|
CALL
|
INTERVAL
|
SCOPE
|
|
CASCADED
|
ISOLATION
|
SEARCH
|
|
CAST
|
ITERATE
|
SECOND
|
|
CATALOG
|
LANGUAGE
|
SECTION
|
|
CHAR
|
LARGE
|
SEQUENCE
|
|
CHARACTER
|
LAST
|
SESSION
|
|
CLASS
|
LATERAL
|
SETS
|
|
CLOB
|
LEADING
|
SIZE
|
|
COLLATION
|
LESS
|
SMALLINT
|
|
COMPLETION
|
LEVEL
|
SPACE
|
|
CONNECT
|
LIMIT
|
SPECIFIC
|
|
CONNECTION
|
LOCAL
|
SPECIFICTYPE
|
|
CONSTRAINTS
|
LOCALTIME
|
SQL
|
|
CONSTRUCTOR
|
LOCALTIMESTAMP
|
SQLEXCEPTION
|
|
CORRESPONDING
|
LOCATOR
|
SQLSTATE
|
|
CUBE
|
MAP
|
SQLWARNING
|
|
CURRENT_PATH
|
MATCH
|
START
|
|
CURRENT_ROLE
|
MINUTE
|
STATE
|
|
CYCLE
|
MODIFIES
|
STATEMENT
|
|
DATA
|
MODIFY
|
STATIC
|
|
DATE
|
MODULE
|
STRUCTURE
|
|
DAY
|
MONTH
|
TEMPORARY
|
|
DEC
|
NAMES
|
TERMINATE
|
|
DECIMAL
|
NATURAL
|
THAN
|
|
DEFERRABLE
|
NCHAR
|
TIME
|
|
DEFERRED
|
NCLOB
|
TIMESTAMP
|
|
DEPTH
|
NEW
|
TIMEZONE_HOUR
|
|
DEREF
|
NEXT
|
TIMEZONE_MINUTE
|
|
DESCRIBE
|
NO
|
TRAILING
|
|
DESCRIPTOR
|
NONE
|
TRANSLATION
|
|
DESTROY
|
NUMERIC
|
TREAT
|
|
DESTRUCTOR
|
OBJECT
|
TRUE
|
|
DETERMINISTIC
|
OLD
|
UNDER
|
|
DICTIONARY
|
ONLY
|
UNKNOWN
|
|
DIAGNOSTICS
|
OPERATION
|
UNNEST
|
|
DISCONNECT
|
ORDINALITY
|
USAGE
|
|
DOMAIN
|
OUT
|
USING
|
|
DYNAMIC
|
OUTPUT
|
VALUE
|
|
EACH
|
PAD
|
VARCHAR
|
|
END-EXEC
|
PARAMETER
|
VARIABLE
|
|
EQUALS
|
PARAMETERS
|
WHENEVER
|
|
EVERY
|
PARTIAL
|
WITHOUT
|
|
EXCEPTION
|
PATH
|
WORK
|
|
FALSE
|
POSTFIX
|
WRITE
|
|
FIRST
|
PREFIX
|
YEAR
|
|
FLOAT
|
PREORDER
|
ZONE
|
|
FOUND
|
PREPARE
|
|
Vea también
Historial de cambios
|
Versión
|
Historial
|
|---|
|
17 de julio de 2006
|
-
Contenido nuevo:
-
-
Se ha agregado EXTERNAL, PIVOT, REVERT, TABLESAMPLE, SECURITYAUDIT y UNPIVOT a la lista de palabras reservadas.
|