如何：在 IIS 中承载 WCF 服务

项目
04/06/2023

本主题概述了创建托管在 Internet Information Services (IIS) 中的 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 服务所需的基本步骤。本主题假设您熟悉 IIS 且了解如何使用 IIS 管理工具创建和管理 IIS 应用程序。有关 IIS 详细信息，请参阅 Internet Information Services。在 IIS 环境中运行的 WCF 服务可充分利用 IIS 功能，如进程回收、空闲时关闭、进程运行状况监视和基于消息的激活。此宿主选项要求正确配置 IIS，但不需要编写任何承载代码作为应用程序的一部分。只可以将 IIS 宿主与 HTTP 传输协议一起使用。

如需详细了解 WCF 和 ASP.NET 如何交互，请参阅 WCF 服务和 ASP.NET。有关配置安全性的详细信息，请参阅安全性。

有关此示例的源副本，请参阅使用内联代码的 IIS 托管。

创建由 IIS 承载的服务

确认 IIS 已经安装并在计算机上运行。如需详细了解如何安装和配置 IIS，请参阅安装和配置 IIS 7.0
为应用程序文件创建一个名为“IISHostedCalcService”的新文件夹，确保 ASP.NET 有权访问该文件夹的内容，并使用 IIS 管理工具创建一个物理上位于此应用程序目录中的新 IIS 应用程序。当为应用程序目录创建别名时，请使用“IISHostedCalc”。
在应用程序目录中创建一个名为“service.svc”的新文件。通过添加以下 @ServiceHost 元素来编辑此文件。
```
<%@ServiceHost language=c# Debug="true" Service="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService"%>
```
在应用程序目录中创建 App_Code 子目录。
在 App_Code 子目录中创建名为 Service.cs 的代码文件。
将下面的 using 语句添加到 Service.cs 文件的最前面。
```
using System;  
using System.ServiceModel;  
```
将下面的命名空间声明添加到 using 语句后面。
```
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples  
{  
}  
```

定义命名空间声明中的服务协定，如下面的代码所示。

[ServiceContract]
public interface ICalculator
{
   [OperationContract]
   double Add(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}

<ServiceContract()> _
Public Interface ICalculator

    <OperationContract()> _
    Function Add(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                   ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

    <OperationContract()> _
    Function Subtract(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                      ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

    <OperationContract()> _
    Function Multiply(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                      ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

    <OperationContract()> _
    Function Divide(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                    ByVal n2 As Double) As Double
End Interface

在服务协定定义后实现服务协定，如下面的代码所示。

public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
   public double Add(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 + n2;
   }
   public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 - n2;
   }
   public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 * n2;
   }
   public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 / n2;
   }
}

Public Class CalculatorService
    Implements ICalculator
    Public Function Add(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                        ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Add
        Return n1 + n2
    End Function

    Public Function Subtract(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                             ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Subtract
        Return n1 - n2
    End Function

    Public Function Multiply(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                             ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Multiply
        Return n1 * n2
    End Function

    Public Function Divide(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                           ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Divide
        Return n1 / n2
    End Function
End Class

在应用程序目录中创建一个名为“Web.config”的文件，并将下面的配置代码添加到该文件中。在运行时，WCF 基础结构使用该信息来构造客户端应用程序可与其通信的终结点。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehaviors">

        <!-- This endpoint is exposed at the base address provided by host: http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc -->
        <endpoint address=""
                  binding="wsHttpBinding"
                  contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />

        <!-- The mex endpoint is exposed at http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc/mex -->
        <endpoint address="mex"
                  binding="mexHttpBinding"
                  contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>

    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="CalculatorServiceBehaviors">
          <!-- Add the following element to your service behavior configuration. -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

此示例显式指定配置文件中的终结点。如果您不希望向服务添加任何终结点，则运行时为您添加默认终结点。有关默认终结点、绑定和行为的详细信息，请参阅简化配置和 WCF 服务的简化配置。

为了确保正确托管该服务，请打开一个浏览器，浏览到该服务的 URL：http://localhost/IISHostedCalc/Service.svc

示例

下面是 IIS 承载的计算器服务的代码的完整列表。

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{

  [ServiceContract]
  public interface ICalculator
  {
     [OperationContract]
     double Add(double n1, double n2);
     [OperationContract]
     double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
     [OperationContract]
     double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
     [OperationContract]
     double Divide(double n1, double n2);
  }


  public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
  {
     public double Add(double n1, double n2)
     {
        return n1 + n2;
     }
     public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
     {
        return n1 - n2;
     }
     public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
     {
        return n1 * n2;
     }
     public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
     {
        return n1 / n2;
     }
  }
}


Imports System.ServiceModel

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples

    <ServiceContract()> _
    Public Interface ICalculator

        <OperationContract()> _
        Function Add(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                       ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

        <OperationContract()> _
        Function Subtract(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                          ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

        <OperationContract()> _
        Function Multiply(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                          ByVal n2 As Double) As Double

        <OperationContract()> _
        Function Divide(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                        ByVal n2 As Double) As Double
    End Interface


    Public Class CalculatorService
        Implements ICalculator
        Public Function Add(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                            ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Add
            Return n1 + n2
        End Function

        Public Function Subtract(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                                 ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Subtract
            Return n1 - n2
        End Function

        Public Function Multiply(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                                 ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Multiply
            Return n1 * n2
        End Function

        Public Function Divide(ByVal n1 As Double, _
                               ByVal n2 As Double) As Double Implements ICalculator.Divide
            Return n1 / n2
        End Function
    End Class

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehaviors">

        <!-- This endpoint is exposed at the base address provided by host: http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc -->
        <endpoint address=""
                  binding="wsHttpBinding"
                  contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />

        <!-- The mex endpoint is exposed at http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc/mex -->
        <endpoint address="mex"
                  binding="mexHttpBinding"
                  contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>

    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="CalculatorServiceBehaviors">
          <!-- Add the following element to your service behavior configuration. -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

如何：在 IIS 中承载 WCF 服务

创建由 IIS 承载的服务

示例

另请参阅

其他资源