SqlCommand.BeginExecuteNonQuery 方法

Source:

System.Data.SqlClient.notsupported.cs

public:
 IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteNonQuery();

public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteNonQuery();

member this.BeginExecuteNonQuery : unit -> IAsyncResult

Public Function BeginExecuteNonQuery () As IAsyncResult

返回

可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；当调用可返回受影响的行数的 EndExecuteNonQuery(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。

例外

示例

以下控制台应用程序在 AdventureWorks 示例数据库中创建更新数据，以异步方式执行其工作。 为了模拟长时间运行的进程，此示例在命令文本中插入一个 WAITFOR 语句。 通常，你不会费力使命令运行速度变慢，但在这种情况下，这样做可以更轻松地演示异步行为。

using System.Data.SqlClient;

class Class1
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // This is a simple example that demonstrates the usage of the
        // BeginExecuteNonQuery functionality.
        // The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
        // asynchronous nature of the command.

        string commandText =
            "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint + 1 " +
            "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null;" +
            "WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:3';" +
            "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint - 1 " +
            "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null";

        RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString());

        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static void RunCommandAsynchronously(
        string commandText, string connectionString)
    {
        // Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
        // the specified command against the connection. For this example,
        // the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
        // asynchronous behavior.
        using (SqlConnection connection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            try
            {
                int count = 0;
                SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(commandText, connection);
                connection.Open();

                IAsyncResult result = command.BeginExecuteNonQuery();
                while (!result.IsCompleted)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count++);
                    // Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
                    // does not consume all available resources
                    // on the main thread.
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("Command complete. Affected {0} rows.",
                    command.EndExecuteNonQuery(result));
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message);
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // You might want to pass these errors
                // back out to the caller.
                Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
    {
        // To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
        // you can retrieve it from a configuration file.

        // If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
        // connection string, the command is not able
        // to execute asynchronously.
        return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
    }
}

Imports System.Data.SqlClient

Module Module1

    Sub Main()
        ' This is a simple example that demonstrates the usage of the 
        ' BeginExecuteNonQuery functionality.
        ' The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the 
        ' asynchronous nature of the command.
        Dim commandText As String = _
         "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint + 1 " & _
         "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null;" & _
         "WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:3';" & _
         "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint - 1 " & _
         "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null"

        RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString())

        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.")
        Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub

    Private Sub RunCommandAsynchronously( _
     ByVal commandText As String, ByVal connectionString As String)

        ' Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
        ' the specified command against the connection. For this example,
        ' the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the 
        ' asynchronous behavior. 
        Using connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
            Try
                Dim count As Integer = 0
                Dim command As New SqlCommand(commandText, connection)
                connection.Open()
                Dim result As IAsyncResult = command.BeginExecuteNonQuery()
                While Not result.IsCompleted
                    Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count)
                    ' Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
                    ' does not consume all available resources 
                    ' on the main thread.
                    Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
                    count += 1
                End While
                Console.WriteLine("Command complete. Affected {0} rows.", _
                    command.EndExecuteNonQuery(result))
            Catch ex As SqlException
                Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message)
            Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
                Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
            Catch ex As Exception
                ' You might want to pass these errors
                ' back out to the caller.
                Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
            End Try
        End Using
    End Sub

    Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
        ' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,            
        ' you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 

        ' If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
        ' connection string, the command is not able
        ' to execute asynchronously.
        Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
          "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
    End Function
End Module

注解

方法 BeginExecuteNonQuery 启动异步执行 Transact-SQL 语句或不返回行的存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在该语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteNonQuery 方法来完成操作。 方法 BeginExecuteNonQuery 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteNonQuery 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 在 EndExecuteNonQuery 命令的执行完成之前调用 会导致 SqlCommand 对象阻塞，直到执行完成。

请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间受阻。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。

由于此重载不支持回调过程，因此开发人员必须使用 方法返回的 的 IAsyncResult 属性轮询以确定命令是否已完成IsCompleted;或者使用AsyncWaitHandle返回IAsyncResult的 的 属性等待一个或多个命令完成。BeginExecuteNonQuery

此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。

另请参阅

• 在 ADO.NET 中连接和检索数据
• 使用适用于 SQL Server 的 .NET Framework 数据提供程序
• ADO.NET 概述

Source:

System.Data.SqlClient.notsupported.cs

public:
 IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteNonQuery(AsyncCallback ^ callback, System::Object ^ stateObject);

public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteNonQuery(AsyncCallback callback, object stateObject);

member this.BeginExecuteNonQuery : AsyncCallback * obj -> IAsyncResult

Public Function BeginExecuteNonQuery (callback As AsyncCallback, stateObject As Object) As IAsyncResult

参数

返回

可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；当调用可返回受影响的行数的 EndExecuteNonQuery(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。

例外

示例

以下 Windows 应用程序演示如何使用 BeginExecuteNonQuery 方法，执行包含几秒钟延迟的 Transact-SQL 语句， (模拟长时间运行的命令) 。

此示例演示了许多重要的技术。 这包括从单独的线程调用与窗体交互的方法。 此外，此示例演示了如何阻止用户多次同时执行命令，以及如何确保在调用回调过程之前窗体不会关闭。

若要设置此示例，请创建新的 Windows 应用程序。 Button将控件和Label控件放在窗体上， (接受每个控件) 的默认名称。 将以下代码添加到窗体的 类，根据环境需要修改连接字符串。

using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace Microsoft.AdoDotNet.CodeSamples
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        // Hook up the form's Load event handler (you can double-click on
        // the form's design surface in Visual Studio), and then add
        // this code to the form's class:
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            this.FormClosing += new System.Windows.Forms.
                FormClosingEventHandler(this.Form1_FormClosing);
        }

        // You need this delegate in order to display text from a thread
        // other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
        // procedure for more information.
        // This same delegate matches both the DisplayStatus
        // and DisplayResults methods.
        private delegate void DisplayInfoDelegate(string Text);

        // This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
        // to restart the command or close the form while the
        // asynchronous command is executing.
        private bool isExecuting;

        // This example maintains the connection object
        // externally, so that it is available for closing.
        private SqlConnection connection;

        private static string GetConnectionString()
        {
            // To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
            // you can retrieve it from a configuration file.

            // If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
            // connection string, the command is not able
            // to execute asynchronously.
            return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" +
                "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
        }

        private void DisplayStatus(string Text)
        {
            this.label1.Text = Text;
        }

        private void DisplayResults(string Text)
        {
            this.label1.Text = Text;
            DisplayStatus("Ready");
        }

        private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender,
            System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            if (isExecuting)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(this, "Cannot close the form until " +
                    "the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...");
                e.Cancel = true;
            }
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if (isExecuting)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(this,
                    "Already executing. Please wait until the current query " +
                    "has completed.");
            }
            else
            {
                SqlCommand command = null;
                try
                {
                    DisplayResults("");
                    DisplayStatus("Connecting...");
                    connection = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString());
                    // To emulate a long-running query, wait for
                    // a few seconds before working with the data.
                    // This command does not do much, but that's the point--
                    // it does not change your data, in the long run.
                    string commandText =
                        "WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:05';" +
                        "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint + 1 " +
                        "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null;" +
                        "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint - 1 " +
                        "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null";

                    command = new SqlCommand(commandText, connection);
                    connection.Open();

                    DisplayStatus("Executing...");
                    isExecuting = true;
                    // Although it is not required that you pass the
                    // SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the
                    // BeginExecuteNonQuery call, doing so makes it easier
                    // to call EndExecuteNonQuery in the callback procedure.
                    AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(HandleCallback);
                    command.BeginExecuteNonQuery(callback, command);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    isExecuting = false;
                    DisplayStatus(string.Format("Ready (last error: {0})", ex.Message));
                    if (connection != null)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void HandleCallback(IAsyncResult result)
        {
            try
            {
                // Retrieve the original command object, passed
                // to this procedure in the AsyncState property
                // of the IAsyncResult parameter.
                SqlCommand command = (SqlCommand)result.AsyncState;
                int rowCount = command.EndExecuteNonQuery(result);
                string rowText = " rows affected.";
                if (rowCount == 1)
                {
                    rowText = " row affected.";
                }
                rowText = rowCount + rowText;

                // You may not interact with the form and its contents
                // from a different thread, and this callback procedure
                // is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
                // than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that
                // displays the results, like this:
                // DisplayResults(rowText)

                // Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
                // One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
                // method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
                // from the form's thread.
                DisplayInfoDelegate del = new DisplayInfoDelegate(DisplayResults);
                this.Invoke(del, rowText);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Because you are now running code in a separate thread,
                // if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
                // code catches the exception. Because none of
                // your code is on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
                // higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not
                // handle it here. You can either log the exception or
                // invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this
                // example) to display the error on the form. In no case
                // can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
                // as in the try block here.

                // You can create the delegate instance as you
                // invoke it, like this:
                this.Invoke(new DisplayInfoDelegate(DisplayStatus),
                    String.Format("Ready(last error: {0}", ex.Message));
            }
            finally
            {
                isExecuting = false;
                if (connection != null)
                {
                    connection.Close();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Data.SqlClient

Public Class Form1
    ' Add this code to the form's class:
    ' You need this delegate in order to display text from a thread
    ' other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
    ' procedure for more information.
    ' This same delegate matches both the DisplayStatus 
    ' and DisplayResults methods.
    Private Delegate Sub DisplayInfoDelegate(ByVal Text As String)

    ' This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
    ' to restart the command or close the form while the 
    ' asynchronous command is executing.
    Private isExecuting As Boolean

    ' This example maintains the connection object 
    ' externally, so that it is available for closing.
    Private connection As SqlConnection

    Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
        ' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,            
        ' you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 

        ' If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
        ' connection string, the command is not able
        ' to execute asynchronously.
        Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" & _
          "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
    End Function

    Private Sub DisplayStatus(ByVal Text As String)
        Me.Label1.Text = Text
    End Sub

    Private Sub DisplayResults(ByVal Text As String)
        Me.Label1.Text = Text
        DisplayStatus("Ready")
    End Sub

    Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) _
        Handles Me.FormClosing
        If isExecuting Then
            MessageBox.Show(Me, "Cannot close the form until " & _
                "the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...")
            e.Cancel = True
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
        ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        If isExecuting Then
            MessageBox.Show(Me, _
               "Already executing. Please wait until the current query " & _
                "has completed.")
        Else
            Dim command As SqlCommand
            Try
                DisplayResults("")
                DisplayStatus("Connecting...")
                connection = New SqlConnection(GetConnectionString())
                ' To emulate a long-running query, wait for 
                ' a few seconds before working with the data.
                ' This command does not do much, but that's the point--
                ' it does not change your data, in the long run.
                Dim commandText As String = _
                    "WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:05';" & _
                    "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint + 1 " & _
                    "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null;" & _
                    "UPDATE Production.Product SET ReorderPoint = ReorderPoint - 1 " & _
                    "WHERE ReorderPoint Is Not Null"

                command = New SqlCommand(commandText, connection)
                connection.Open()

                DisplayStatus("Executing...")
                isExecuting = True
                ' Although it is not required that you pass the 
                ' SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the 
                ' BeginExecuteNonQuery call, doing so makes it easier
                ' to call EndExecuteNonQuery in the callback procedure.
                Dim callback As New AsyncCallback(AddressOf HandleCallback)
                command.BeginExecuteNonQuery(callback, command)

            Catch ex As Exception
                isExecuting = False
                DisplayStatus(String.Format("Ready (last error: {0})", ex.Message))
                If connection IsNot Nothing Then
                    connection.Close()
                End If
            End Try
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub HandleCallback(ByVal result As IAsyncResult)
        Try
            ' Retrieve the original command object, passed
            ' to this procedure in the AsyncState property
            ' of the IAsyncResult parameter.
            Dim command As SqlCommand = CType(result.AsyncState, SqlCommand)
            Dim rowCount As Integer = command.EndExecuteNonQuery(result)
            Dim rowText As String = " rows affected."
            If rowCount = 1 Then
                rowText = " row affected."
            End If
            rowText = rowCount & rowText

            ' You may not interact with the form and its contents
            ' from a different thread, and this callback procedure
            ' is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
            ' than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that 
            ' displays the results, like this:
            ' DisplayResults(rowText)

            ' Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
            ' One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
            ' method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
            ' from the form's thread. 
            Dim del As New DisplayInfoDelegate(AddressOf DisplayResults)
            Me.Invoke(del, rowText)

        Catch ex As Exception
            ' Because you are now running code in a separate thread, 
            ' if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
            ' code catches the exception. Because none of your code
            ' is on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
            ' higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not 
            ' handle it here. You can either log the exception or 
            ' invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this 
            ' example) to display the error on the form. In no case
            ' can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
            ' as in the Try block here. 

            ' You can create the delegate instance as you 
            ' invoke it, like this:
            Me.Invoke(New DisplayInfoDelegate(AddressOf DisplayStatus), _
                String.Format("Ready(last error: {0}", ex.Message))
        Finally
            isExecuting = False
            If connection IsNot Nothing Then
                connection.Close()
            End If
        End Try
    End Sub
End Class

注解

方法 BeginExecuteNonQuery 启动异步执行 Transact-SQL 语句或不返回行的存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在该语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteNonQuery 方法来完成操作。 方法 BeginExecuteNonQuery 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteNonQuery 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 在 EndExecuteNonQuery 命令的执行完成之前调用 会导致 SqlCommand 对象阻塞，直到执行完成。

使用 callback 参数可以指定在 AsyncCallback 语句完成时调用的委托。 可以从此委托过程内或应用程序内的任何其他位置调用 EndExecuteNonQuery 方法。 此外，可以传递 参数中的任何 asyncStateObject 对象，并且回调过程可以使用 属性检索此信息 AsyncState 。

请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间受阻。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。

由于回调过程是从 Microsoft .NET 公共语言运行时提供的后台线程中执行的，因此请务必采用严格的方法来处理应用程序中的跨线程交互。 例如，不得在回调过程中与表单的内容进行交互;如果必须更新窗体，则必须切换回窗体的线程才能完成工作。 本主题中的示例演示了此行为。

在执行操作期间发生的所有错误都将作为回调过程中的异常引发。 必须在回调过程中处理异常，而不是在main应用程序中处理。 有关在回调过程中处理异常的其他信息，请参阅本主题中的示例。

此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。

另请参阅

• 在 ADO.NET 中连接和检索数据
• 使用适用于 SQL Server 的 .NET Framework 数据提供程序
• ADO.NET 概述