Microsoft Desired State Configuration overview

Microsoft's Desired State Configuration (DSC) is a declarative configuration platform. With DSC, the state of a machine is described using a format that should be clear to understand even if the reader isn't a subject matter expert. Unlike imperative tools, with DSC the definition of an application environment is separate from programming logic that enforces that definition.

The DSC command line application (dsc) abstracts the management of software components declaratively and idempotently. DSC runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows without any external dependencies.

With DSC, you can:

• Author DSC Resources to manage your systems in any language.
• Invoke individual resources directly.
• Create configuration documents that define the desired state of a system.

DSC Configuration Documents are declarative data files that define instances of resources. Typically, configuration documents define what state to enforce. DSC supports writing configuration documents in both JSON and YAML.

Example scenarios include requirements for an application environment or operational/security standards.

DSC Resources define how to manage state for a particular system or application component. Resources describe a schema for the manageable settings of the component. Every resource can be used with the Get and Test operations to retrieve the current state of a resource instance and validate whether it's in the desired state. Most resources also support enforcing the desired state with the Set operation.

Example scenarios include:

• How to update the contents of a file.
• How to run a utility that changes the state of a machine.
• How to configure settings of an application.

DSC differs from PowerShell Desired State Configuration (PSDSC) in a few important ways:

• DSC doesn't depend on PowerShell, Windows PowerShell, or the PSDesiredStateConfiguration PowerShell module. DSC provides full compatibility with PSDSC resources through the Microsoft.DSC/PowerShell and Microsoft.Windows/WindowsPowerShell adapter resources.

  With the Microsoft.DSC/PowerShell adapter resource, you can use any PSDSC resource implemented as a PowerShell class. The resource handles discovering, validating, and invoking PSDSC resources in PowerShell. The resource is included in the DSC install package for every platform.

  With the Microsoft.Windows/WindowsPowerShell adapter resource, you can use any PSDSC resource compatible with Windows PowerShell. The resource handles discovering, validating, and invoking PSDSC resources in Windows PowerShell. The resource is included in the DSC install packages for Windows only.

• Because DSC doesn't depend on PowerShell, you can use DSC without PowerShell installed and manage resources written in bash, Python, C#, Rust, or any other language.

• DSC doesn't include a local configuration manager. DSC is invoked as a command. It doesn't run as a service.

• New DSC resources define their schemas with JSON or YAML files, not MOF files. Self-contained resources define a resource manifest that indicates how DSC should invoke the resource and what properties the resource can manage. For adapted resources, like those implemented in PowerShell, the adapter resource tells DSC what the available properties are for the resource and handles invoking the adapted resources.

• Configuration documents are defined in JSON or YAML files, not PowerShell script files. Configuration documents support a subset of functionality in ARM templates, including parameters, variables, metadata, and expression functions to dynamically resolve data in the configuration.

To install DSC on any platform:

1. Download the latest release from the PowerShell/DSC repository.
2. Expand the release archive.
3. Add the folder containing the expanded archive contents to the PATH.

The following commands can be used to install DSC using the published winget packages:

Search for the latest version of DSC

winget search DesiredStateConfiguration

Name                              Id           Version Source
---------------------------------------------------------------
DesiredStateConfiguration         9NVTPZWRC6KQ Unknown msstore
DesiredStateConfiguration-Preview 9PCX3HX4HZ0Z Unknown msstore

Install DSC using the id parameter:

# Install latest stable
winget install --id 9NVTPZWRC6KQ --source msstore

# Install latest preview
winget install --id 9PCX3HX4HZ0Z --source msstore

DSC is a platform tool that abstracts the concerns for defining and invoking resources. Higher order tools, like WinGet, Microsoft Dev Box, and Azure Machine Configuration are early partners for DSC as orchestration agents.

DSC uses JSON schemas to define the structure of resources, configuration documents, and the outputs that DSC returns. These schemas make it easier to integrate DSC with other tools, because they standardize and document how to interface with DSC.

For more information, see DSC JSON Schema reference overview.

• Anatomy of a command-based DSC Resource to learn about authoring a resource in your language of choice.
• Command line reference for the 'dsc' command
• DSC JSON Schema reference overview
• WinGet Configuration