Implementing MERGE Functionality in a Natively Compiled Stored Procedure

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance

The Transact-SQL code sample in this section demonstrates how you can simulate the T-SQL MERGE statement in a natively compiled module. The sample uses a table variable with an identity column, iterates over the rows in the table variable, and for each row performs the update if the condition matches, and an insert if the condition doesn't match.

Here's the T-SQL MERGE statement that you wish was supported inside a native proc, and that the code sample simulates.

MERGE INTO dbo.Table1 t  
    USING @tvp v  
    ON t.Column1 = v.c1  
    WHEN MATCHED THEN   
        UPDATE SET Column2 = v.c2  
    WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN  
        INSERT (Column1, Column2) VALUES (v.c1, v.c2);  

Here's the T-SQL to achieve the workaround and simulate MERGE.

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS dbo.usp_merge1;  
go  
DROP TYPE IF EXISTS dbo.Type1;  
go  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Table1;  
go  
-----------------------------  
-- target table and table type used for the workaround
-----------------------------  

CREATE TABLE dbo.Table1  
(  
    Column1  INT  NOT NULL  PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,  
    Column2  INT  NOT NULL  
)   
    WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON);  
go  

CREATE TYPE dbo.Type1 AS TABLE  
(  
    c1  INT  NOT NULL,  
    c2  INT  NOT NULL,  

    RowID    INT  NOT NULL  IDENTITY(1,1),  
    INDEX ix_RowID HASH (RowID) WITH (BUCKET_COUNT=1024)  
)   
    WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON);  
go  
-----------------------------  
-- stored procedure implementing the workaround
-----------------------------  

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_merge1   
    @tvp1 dbo.Type1 READONLY  
    WITH  
    NATIVE_COMPILATION, SCHEMABINDING  
AS   
BEGIN ATOMIC  
    WITH (TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL = SNAPSHOT,  
            LANGUAGE = N'us_english')  

    DECLARE  @i INT = 1,  @c1 INT,  @c2 INT;  

    WHILE @i > 0  
    BEGIN  
        SELECT @c1 = c1, @c2 = c2  
            FROM @tvp1  
            WHERE RowID = @i;  

        --test whether the row exists in the TVP; if not, we end the loop
        IF @@ROWCOUNT=0  
            SET @i = 0
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            -- try the update
            UPDATE dbo.Table1  
                SET   Column2 = @c2  
                WHERE Column1 = @c1;  

            -- if there was no row to update, we insert
            IF @@ROWCOUNT=0  
                INSERT INTO dbo.Table1 (Column1, Column2)  
                    VALUES (@c1, @c2);  

            SET @i += 1
        END
    END  
END  
go  
-----------------------------  
-- test to validate the functionality
-----------------------------  

INSERT dbo.Table1 VALUES (1,2);  
go  

SELECT N'Before-MERGE' AS [Before-MERGE], Column1, Column2  
    FROM dbo.Table1;  
go  

DECLARE @tvp1 dbo.Type1;  

INSERT @tvp1 (c1, c2) VALUES (1,33), (2,4);  
EXECUTE dbo.usp_merge1 @tvp1;  
go  

SELECT N'After--MERGE' AS [After--MERGE], Column1, Column2  
    FROM dbo.Table1;  
go  

    /****  Actual output:  
  
    Before-MERGE   Column1   Column2  
    Before-MERGE      1         2  
  
    After--MERGE   Column1   Column2  
    After--MERGE      1        33  
    After--MERGE      2         4  
    ****/  

See Also

Migration Issues for Natively Compiled Stored Procedures
Transact-SQL Constructs Not Supported by In-Memory OLTP