about_Windows_PowerShell_5.0
Aplica-se a: Windows PowerShell 5.0
TOPIC
about_Windows_PowerShell_5.0
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Describes new features that are included in
Windows PowerShell 5.0.
LONG DESCRIPTION
Windows PowerShell 5.0 includes significant new features that extend its
use, improve its usability, and allow you to control and manage Windows-based
environments more easily and comprehensively.
Windows PowerShell 5.0 is backward-compatible. Cmdlets, providers, modules,
snap-ins, scripts, functions, and profiles that were designed for Windows
PowerShell 4.0, Windows PowerShell 3.0, and Windows PowerShell 2.0 generally
work in Windows PowerShell 5.0 without changes.
Windows PowerShell 5.0 is installed by default on Windows Server Technical
Preview and Windows Technical Preview. To install Windows PowerShell 5.0 on
Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8.1 Enterprise, or Windows 8.1 Pro, download
and install Windows Management Framework 5.0 Preview.
(https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=44070)
Be sure to read the download details, and meet all system requirements,
before you install Windows Management Framework 5.0 Preview.
You can also read about changes to Windows PowerShell 5.0 in the Microsoft
TechNet topic, "What's New in Windows PowerShell."
(https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=512808)
NEW FEATURES
New features in Windows PowerShell
-- Starting in Windows PowerShell 5.0, you can develop by using classes,
by using formal syntax and semantics that are similar to other object-oriented
programming languages. Class, Enum, and other keywords have been added to the
Windows PowerShell language to support the new feature. For more information
about working with classes, see about_Classes.
-- In collaboration with Microsoft Research, a new cmdlet, ConvertFrom-String,
has been added. ConvertFrom-String lets you extract and parse structured
objects from the content of text strings. For more information, see
ConvertFrom-String.
-- A new module, Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive, includes cmdlets that let you
compress files and folders into archive (also known as ZIP) files, extract
files from existing ZIP files, and update ZIP files with newer versions
of files compressed within them.
-- A new module, OneGet, lets you discover and install software packages on
the Internet. The OneGet module is a manager or multiplexer of existing
package managers (also called package providers) to unify Windows package
management with a single Windows PowerShell interface.
-- A new module, PowerShellGet, lets you find, install, publish, and update
modules and DSC resources on the PowerShell Resource Gallery, or on an internal
module repository that you can set up by running the Register-PSRepository cmdlet.
-- New-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem have been enhanced to support
creating and managing symbolic links. The ItemType parameter for New-Item
accepts a new value, SymbolicLink. Now you can create symbolic links in a
single line by running the New-Item cmdlet.
-- Windows PowerShell transcription has been improved to apply to all hosting
applications (such as Windows PowerShell ISE) in addition to the console host
(powershell.exe). Transcription options (including enabling a system-wide
transcript) can be configured by enabling the Turn on PowerShell Transcription
Group Policy setting, found in
Administrative Templates/Windows Components/Windows PowerShell.
-- A new detailed script tracing feature lets you enable detailed tracking and
analysis of Windows PowerShell scripting use on a system. After you enable
detailed script tracing, Windows PowerShell logs all script blocks to the
Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) event log, Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational.
-- Starting in Windows PowerShell 5.0, new Cryptographic Message Syntax cmdlets
support encryption and decryption of content by using the IETF standard format
for cryptographically protecting messages as documented by RFC5652
(http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5652). The Get-CmsMessage, Protect-CmsMessage,
and Unprotect-CmsMessage cmdlets have been added to the
Microsoft.PowerShell.Security module.
-- New cmdlets in the Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility module, Get-Runspace,
Debug-Runspace, Get-RunspaceDebug, Enable-RunspaceDebug, and
Disable-RunspaceDebug, let you set debug options on a runspace, and start
and stop debugging on a runspace. For debugging arbitrary runspaces—that is,
runspaces that are not the default runspace for a Windows PowerShell console
or Windows PowerShell ISE session—Windows PowerShell lets you set breakpoints
in a script, and have added breakpoints stop the script from running until
you can attach a debugger to debug the runspace script. Nested debugging
support for arbitrary runspaces has been added to the Windows PowerShell
script debugger for runspaces.
-- New cmdlets Enter-PSHostProcess and Exit-PSHostProcess let you debug
Windows PowerShell scripts in processes separate from the current process
that is running in the Windows PowerShell console. Run Enter-PSHostProcess
to enter, or attach to, a specific process ID, and then run Get-Runspace to
return the active runspaces within the process. Run Exit-PSHostProcess to
detach from the process when you are finished debugging the script within
the process.
-- A new Wait-Debugger cmdlet has been added to the Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
module. You can run Wait-Debugger to stop a script in the debugger before
running the next statement in the script.
-- The Windows PowerShell Workflow debugger now supports command or tab completion,
and you can debug nested workflow functions. You can now press Ctrl+Break to
enter the debugger in a running script, in both local and remote sessions, and
in a workflow script.
-- A Debug-Job cmdlet has been added to the Microsoft.PowerShell.Core module to
debug running job scripts for Windows PowerShell Workflow, background, and
jobs running in remote sessions.
-- A new state, AtBreakpoint, has been added for Windows PowerShell jobs. The
AtBreakpoint state applies when a job is running a script that includes set
breakpoints, and the script has hit a breakpoint. When a job is stopped at a
debug breakpoint, you must debug the job by running the Debug-Job cmdlet.
-- Windows PowerShell 5.0 implements support for multiple versions of a single
Windows PowerShell module in the same folder in $PSModulePath. A
RequiredVersion property has been added to the ModuleSpecification class to
help you get the desired version of a module; this property is
mutually-exclusive with the ModuleVersion property. RequiredVersion is now
supported as part of the value of the FullyQualifiedName parameter of the
Get-Module, Import-Module, and Remove-Module cmdlets.
-- You can now perform module version validation by running the
Test-ModuleManifest cmdlet.
-- Results of the Get-Command cmdlet now display a Version column; a new Version
property has been added to the CommandInfo class. Get-Command shows commands
from multiple versions of the same module. The Version property is also part
of derived classes of CmdletInfo: CmdletInfo and ApplicationInfo.
-- A new Get-ItemPropertyValue cmdlet lets you get the value of a property without
using dot notation. For example, in older releases of Windows PowerShell, you
can run the following command to get the value of the Application Base property
of the PowerShellEngine registry key: (Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\
Microsoft\PowerShell\3\PowerShellEngine -Name ApplicationBase).ApplicationBase.
Starting in Windows PowerShell 5.0, you can run Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path HKLM:
\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\3\PowerShellEngine -Name ApplicationBase.
-- A new NetworkSwitch module contains cmdlets that enable you to apply switch,
virtual LAN (VLAN), and basic Layer 2 network switch port configuration to
Windows Server 2012 R2 (and later releases) logo-certified network switches.
-- The FullyQualifiedName parameter has been added to Import-Module and
Remove-Module cmdlets, to support storing multiple versions of a single module.
-- Save-Help, Update-Help, Import-PSSession, Export-PSSession, and Get-Command
have a new parameter, FullyQualifiedModule, of type ModuleSpecification. Add
this parameter to specify a module by its fully qualified name.
-- The value of $PSVersionTable.PSVersion has been updated to 5.0.
New features in Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration
-- Windows PowerShell language enhancements let you define Windows PowerShell
Desired State Configuration (DSC) resources by using classes.
Import-DscResource is now a true dynamic keyword; Windows PowerShell parses
the specified module’s root module, searching for classes that contain the
DscResource attribute. You can now use classes to define DSC resources,
in which neither a MOF file nor a DSCResource subfolder in the module
folder is required. A Windows PowerShell module file can contain multiple
DSC resource classes.
-- A new parameter, ThrottleLimit, has been added to the following cmdlets in
the PSDesiredStateConfiguration module. Add the ThrottleLimit parameter
to specify the number of target computers or devices on which you want the
command to work at the same time.
-- Get-DscConfiguration
-- Get-DscConfigurationStatus
-- Get-DscLocalConfigurationManager
-- Restore-DscConfiguration
-- Test-DscConfiguration
-- Compare-DscConfiguration
-- Publish-DscConfiguration
-- Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager
-- Start-DscConfiguration
-- Update-DscConfiguration
-- With centralized DSC error reporting, rich error information is not only
logged in the event log, but it can be sent to a central location for later
analysis. You can use this central location to store DSC configuration errors
that have occurred for any server in their environment. After the report
server is defined in the meta-configuration, all errors are sent to the
report server, and then stored in a database. You can set up this functionality
regardless of whether or not a target node is configured to pull configurations
from a pull server.
-- Improvements to Windows PowerShell ISE ease DSC resource authoring. You can
now do the following.
-- List all DSC resources within a configuration or node block by entering
Ctrl+Space on a blank line within the block.
-- Automatic completion on resource properties of the enumeration type.
-- Automatic completion on the DependsOn property of DSC resources, based
on other resource instances in the configuration.
-- Improved tab completion of resource property values.
-- A new DscLocalConfigurationManager attribute designates a configuration block
as a meta-configuration, which is used to configure the DSC Local Configuration
Manager. This attribute restricts a configuration to containing only items
which configure the DSC Local Configuration Manager. During processing,
this configuration generates a *.meta.mof file that is then sent to the
appropriate target nodes by running the Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager cmdlet.
-- Partial configurations are now allowed in Windows PowerShell 5.0. You can
deliver configuration documents to a node in fragments. For a node to receive
multiple fragments of a configuration document, the node’s Local Configuration
Manager must be first set to specify the expected fragments.
-- Cross-computer synchronization is new in DSC in Windows PowerShell 5.0. By
using the built-in WaitFor* resources (WaitForAll, WaitForAny, and
WaitForSome), you can now specify dependencies across computers during
configuration runs, without external orchestrations. These resources provide
node-to-node synchronization by using CIM connections over the WS-Man protocol.
A configuration can wait for another computer’s specific resource state to change.
-- Just Enough Administration (JEA), a new delegation security feature, leverages
DSC and Windows PowerShell constrained runspaces to help secure enterprises
from data loss or compromise by employees, whether intentional or unintentional.
For more information about JEA, including where you can download the xJEA DSC
resource, see Just Enough Administration, Step by Step.
(http://ppe.blogs.technet.com/b/privatecloud/archive/2014/05/14/just-enough-administration-step-by-step.aspx)
-- The following new cmdlets have been added to the PSDesiredStateConfiguration
module.
-- A new Get-DscConfigurationStatus cmdlet gets high-level information about
configuration status from a target node. You can obtain the status of the
last, or of all configurations.
-- A new Compare-DscConfiguration cmdlet compares a specified configuration
with the actual state of one or more target nodes.
-- A new Publish-DscConfiguration cmdlet copies a configuration MOF file to
a target node, but does not apply the configuration. The configuration is
applied during the next consistency pass, or when you run the
Update-DscConfiguration cmdlet.
-- A new Test-DscConfiguration cmdlet lets you verify that a resulting
configuration matches the desired configuration, returning either True if
the configuration matches the desired configuration, or False if the actual
configuration does not match the desired configuration.
-- A new Update-DscConfiguration cmdlet forces a configuration to be processed.
If the Local Configuration Manager is in pull mode, the cmdlet gets the
configuration from the pull server before applying it.
New features in Windows PowerShell ISE
-- You can now edit remote Windows PowerShell scripts and files in a local copy of
Windows PowerShell ISE, by running Enter-PSSession to start a remote session on
the computer that’s storing the files you want to edit, and then running PSEdit
<path and file name on the remote computer>. This feature eases editing Windows
PowerShell files that are stored on the Server Core installation option of
Windows Server, where Windows PowerShell ISE cannot run.
-- The Start-Transcript cmdlet is now supported in Windows PowerShell ISE.
-- You can now debug remote scripts in Windows PowerShell ISE.
-- A new menu command, Break All (Ctrl+B), breaks into the debugger for both
local and remotely-running scripts.
New features in Windows PowerShell Web Services (Management OData IIS Extension)
-- Starting in Windows PowerShell 5.0, you can generate a set of Windows PowerShell
cmdlets based on the functionality exposed by a given OData endpoint, by
running the Export-ODataEndpointProxy cmdlet.
Notable bug fixes in Windows PowerShell 5.0
-- Windows PowerShell 5.0 includes a new COM implementation, which offers
significant performance improvements when you are working with COM objects.
For a video demonstration of the effect, see Com_Perf_Improvements.
(https://1drv.ms/1qu3UPZ)
For more information about Windows PowerShell 5.0, visit the following web
sites:
-- Windows PowerShell Scripting website
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=106031
-- Windows PowerShell Team Blog:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=143696
-- Windows PowerShell Web Access
https://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh831611.aspx
SEE ALSO
about_Classes
about_Debuggers
about_Desired_State_Configuration
about_Scheduled_Jobs
about_Updatable_Help
Add-Computer
ConvertFrom-String
Debug-Job
Disable-JobTrigger
Enable-JobTrigger
Get-Module
Get-Process
Invoke-RestMethod
New-JobTrigger
Register-ScheduledJob
Remove-Computer
Save-Help
Set-ExecutionPolicy
Set-JobTrigger
Set-ScheduledJob
Update-Help
KEYWORDS
What's New in Windows PowerShell 5.0