AD DS Administration Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell

Статья
11/17/2015

Windows PowerShell™ is a task-based command-line shell and scripting language designed especially for system administration. This reference topic for the information technology (IT) professional introduces the Windows PowerShell cmdlets that you can use to manage and administer the Active Directory® directory service and Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).

What does the Active Directory module do?

The in Windows Server® 2012 is a Windows PowerShell module (named Active Directory) that consolidates a group of cmdlets. You can use these cmdlets to manage your Active Directory domains, Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) configuration sets, and Active Directory Database Mounting Tool instances in a single, self-contained package.

Совет

For more information about getting started with the Active Directory Windows PowerShell module, see Active Directory Administration with Windows PowerShell.

In the Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Server operating system, the Windows Server® 2003 operating system, and , administrators used a variety of command-line tools and Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-ins to connect to their Active Directory domains and AD LDS configuration sets to monitor and manage them. The in provided a centralized experience for administering your directory service instances that has been further updated in Windows Server 2012.

Active Directory module provider

Administrators can use the provider to easily navigate and access data that is stored in Active Directory domains, AD LDS instances and configuration sets, and Active Directory Database Mounting Tool instances. The provider exposes the Active Directory database through a hierarchical navigation system, which is very similar to the file system. For example, while you are using the , you can use the following commands to navigate through your directory:

cd
dir
remove
.
..

You can use the provider to map Active Directory domains, AD LDS instances, and Active Directory Database Mounting Tool instances to specific provider drives. When the is first loaded, a default Active Directory drive (AD:) is mounted. To connect to that drive, run the cd AD: command. To connect a new provider drive to an Active Directory domain, an AD LDS server, or an Active Directory Database Mounting Tool instance, use the following cmdlet:

New-PSDrive -Name <name of the drive> -PSProvider ActiveDirectory -Root "<DN of the partition/NC>" –Server <server or domain name (NetBIOS/FQDN)[:port number]> -Credential <domain name>\<username>

Parameter	Description
-Name <name of the drive>	Specifies the name of the drive that is being added.
-PSProvider ActiveDirectory	The name of the provider, in this case, ActiveDirectory.
-Root "<DN of the partition/NC>"	Specifies the internal root or path of the provider.
–Server <server or domain name (NetBIOS/FQDN)[:port number]>	Specifies the server that hosts your Active Directory domain or an AD LDS instance.
-Credential <domain name>\<username>	Specifies the credentials that you must have to connect to the Active Directory domain or the AD LDS server.

Active Directory module cmdlets

You can use the cmdlets to perform various administrative, configuration, and diagnostic tasks in your AD DS and AD LDS environments. In the first release of in , you could use it to manage existing Active Directory user and computer accounts, groups, organizational units (OUs), domains and forests, domain controllers, and password policies, or create new ones. For Windows Server 2012, you can continue to use it for those tasks as well as for many additional tasks. The has had major additions, adding 59 new cmdlets that enable you to manager Active Directory replication and topology, as well as configure new features such as claims-based access control and cross-forest claims transformation.

Примечание

To list all the cmdlets that are available in the , use the Get-Command -AD cmdlet.

For more information about—or for the syntax for—any of the cmdlets, use the Get-Help <cmdlet name> cmdlet, where <cmdlet name> is the name of the cmdlet that you want to research. For more detailed information, you can run any of the following cmdlets:

Get-Help <cmdlet name> -Detailed
Get-Help <cmdlet name> -Full
Get-Help <cmdlet name> -Examples

Active Directory cmdlets for Windows Server 2012

The following table lists all the cmdlets that are available in this release of the in Windows Server 2012.

Cmdlet	Description
Add-ADCentralAccessPolicyMember	Adds central access rules to a central access policy in Active Directory.
Add-ADResourcePropertyListMember	Adds one or more resource properties to a resource property list in Active Directory.
Clear-ADClaimTransformLink	Removes a claims transformation from being applied to one or more cross-forest trust relationships in Active Directory.
Get-ADCentralAccessPolicy	Retrieves central access policies from Active Directory.
Get-ADCentralAccessRule	Retrieves central access rules from Active Directory.
Get-ADClaimTransformPolicy	Returns one or more Active Directory claim transform objects based on a specified filter.
Get-ADClaimType	Returns a claim type from Active Directory.
Get-ADDCCloningExcludedApplicationList	Returns the installed programs and services present on this domain controller that are not in the default or user defined inclusion list.
Get-ADReplicationAttributeMetadata	Returns the replication metadata for one or more Active Directory replication partners.
Get-ADReplicationConnection	Returns a specific Active Directory replication connection or a set of AD replication connection objects based on a specified filter.
Get-ADReplicationFailure	Returns a collection of data describing an Active Directory replication failure.
Get-ADReplicationPartnerMetadata	Returns the replication metadata for a set of one or more replication partners.
Get-ADReplicationQueueOperation	Returns the contents of the replication queue for a specified server.
Get-ADReplicationSite	Returns a specific Active Directory replication site or a set of replication site objects based on a specified filter.
Get-ADReplicationSiteLink	Returns a specific Active Directory site link or a set of site links based on a specified filter.
Get-ADReplicationSiteLinkBridge	Returns a specific Active Directory site link bridge or a set of site link bridge objects based on a specified filter.
Get-ADReplicationSubnet	Returns a specific Active Directory subnet or a set of AD subnets based on a specified filter.
Get-ADReplicationUpToDatenessVectorTable	Displays the highest Update Sequence Number (USN) for the specified domain controller.
Get-ADResourceProperty	Gets one or more resource properties.
Get-ADResourcePropertyList	Retrieves resource property lists from Active Directory.
Get-ADResourcePropertyValueType	Retrieves a resource property value type from Active Directory.
Get-ADTrust	Returns all trusted domain objects in the directory.
Get-ADUser	Gets one or more Active Directory users.
New-ADCentralAccessPolicy	Creates a new central access policy in Active Directory containing a set of central access rules.
New-ADCentralAccessRule	Creates a new central access policy entry in Active Directory.
New-ADClaimTransformPolicy	Creates a new claim transformation policy object in Active Directory.
New-ADClaimType	Creates a new claim type in Active Directory.
New-ADDCCloneConfigFile	Performs prerequisite checks for cloning a domain controller and generates a clone configuration file if all checks succeed.
New-ADReplicationSite	Creates a new Active Directory replication site in the directory.
New-ADReplicationSiteLink	Creates a new Active Directory site link for in managing replication.
New-ADReplicationSiteLinkBridge	Creates a new site link bridge in Active Directory for replication.
New-ADReplicationSubnet	Creates a new site link bridge in Active Directory for replication.
New-ADResourceProperty	Creates a new resource property in Active Directory.
New-ADResourcePropertyList	Creates a new resource property list in Active Directory.
Remove-ADCentralAccessPolicy	Creates a new central access policy in Active Directory containing a set of central access rules.
Remove-ADCentralAccessPolicyMember	Removes central access rules from a central access policy in Active Directory.
Remove-ADCentralAccessRule	Removes a central access policy entry from Active Directory.
Remove-ADClaimTransformPolicy	Removes a claim transformation policy object from Active Directory.
Remove-ADClaimType	Removes a claim type from Active Directory.
Remove-ADReplicationSite	Deletes the specified replication site object from Active Directory.
Remove-ADReplicationSiteLink	Deletes an Active Directory site link used to manage replication.
Remove-ADReplicationSiteLinkBridge	Deletes the specified replication site link bridge from Active Directory.
Remove-ADReplicationSubnet	Deletes the specified Active Directory replication subnet object from the directory.
Remove-ADResourceProperty	Removes a resource property from Active Directory.
Remove-ADResourcePropertyList	Removes one or more resource property lists from Active Directory.
Remove-ADResourcePropertyListMember	Removes one or more resource properties from a resource property list in Active Directory.
Reset-ADServiceAccountPassword	Resets the password for a standalone managed service account. Reset is not supported for group managed service accounts.
Set-ADCentralAccessPolicy	Modifies a central access policy in Active Directory.
Set-ADCentralAccessRule	Modifies a central access rule in Active Directory.
Set-ADClaimTransformLink	Applies a claims transformation to one or more cross-forest trust relationships in Active Directory.
Set-ADClaimTransformPolicy	Sets the properties of a claims transformation policy in Active Directory.
Set-ADClaimType	Modify a claim type in Active Directory.
Set-ADReplicationConnection	Sets properties on Active Directory replication connections.
Set-ADReplicationSite	Sets the replication properties for an Active Directory site.
Set-ADReplicationSiteLink	Sets the properties for an Active Directory site link.
Set-ADReplicationSiteLinkBridge	Sets the properties of a replication site link bridge in Active Directory.
Set-ADReplicationSubnet	Sets the properties of an Active Directory replication subnet object.
Set-ADResourceProperty	Modifies a resource claim type in Active Directory.
Set-ADResourcePropertyList	Modifies a resource property list in Active Directory.
Sync-ADObject	Replicates a single object between any two domain controllers that have partitions in common.
Test-ADServiceAccount	Tests a managed service account from a computer.

Active Directory cmdlets for Windows Server 2008 R2

The following table lists all the cmdlets that are available in this release of the in .

Cmdlet	Description
Add-ADComputerServiceAccount	Adds one or more service accounts to an Active Directory computer.
Add-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy	Adds users, computers, and groups to the Allowed List or the Denied List of the read-only domain controller (RODC) Password Replication Policy (PRP).
Add-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicySubject	Applies a fine-grained password policy to one more users and groups.
Add-ADGroupMember	Adds one or more members to an Active Directory group.
Add-ADPrincipalGroupMembership	Adds a member to one or more Active Directory groups.
Clear-ADAccountExpiration	Clears the expiration date for an Active Directory account.
Disable-ADAccount	Disables an Active Directory account.
Disable-ADOptionalFeature	Disables an Active Directory optional feature.
Enable-ADAccount	Enables an Active Directory account.
Enable-ADOptionalFeature	Enables an Active Directory optional feature.
Get-ADAccountAuthorizationGroup	Gets the Active Directory security groups that contain an account.
Get-ADAccountResultantPasswordReplicationPolicy	Gets the resultant password replication policy for an Active Directory account.
Get-ADComputer	Gets one or more Active Directory computers.
Get-ADComputerServiceAccount	Gets the service accounts that are hosted by an Active Directory computer.
Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy	Gets the default password policy for an Active Directory domain.
Get-ADDomain	Gets an Active Directory domain.
Get-ADDomainController	Gets one or more Active Directory domain controllers, based on discoverable services criteria, search parameters, or by providing a domain controller identifier, such as the NetBIOS name.
Get-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy	Gets the members of the Allowed List or the Denied List of the RODC PRP.
Get-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicyUsage	Gets the resultant password policy of the specified ADAccount on the specified RODC.
Get-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicy	Gets one or more Active Directory fine-grained password policies.
Get-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicySubject	Gets the users and groups to which a fine-grained password policy is applied.
Get-ADForest	Gets an Active Directory forest.
Get-ADGroup	Gets one or more Active Directory groups.
Get-ADGroupMember	Gets the members of an Active Directory group.
Get-ADObject	Gets one or more Active Directory objects.
Get-ADOptionalFeature	Gets one or more Active Directory optional features.
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit	Gets one or more Active Directory OUs.
Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership	Gets the Active Directory groups that have a specified user, computer, or group.
Get-ADRootDSE	Gets the root of a domain controller information tree.
Get-ADServiceAccount	Gets one or more Active Directory service accounts.
Get-ADUser	Gets one or more Active Directory users.
Get-ADUserResultantPasswordPolicy	Gets the resultant password policy for a user.
Install-ADServiceAccount	Installs an Active Directory service account on a computer.
Move-ADDirectoryServer	Moves a domain controller in AD DS to a new site.
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole	Moves operation master (also known as flexible single master operations or FSMO) roles to an Active Directory domain controller.
Move-ADObject	Moves an Active Directory object or a container of objects to a different container or domain.
New-ADComputer	Creates a new Active Directory computer.
New-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicy	Creates a new Active Directory fine-grained password policy.
New-ADGroup	Creates an Active Directory group.
New-ADObject	Creates an Active Directory object.
New-ADOrganizationalUnit	Creates a new Active Directory OU.
New-ADServiceAccount	Creates a new Active Directory service account.
New-ADUser	Creates a new Active Directory user.
Remove-ADComputer	Removes an Active Directory computer.
Remove-ADComputerServiceAccount	Removes one or more service accounts from a computer.
Remove-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy	Removes users, computers, and groups from the Allowed List or the Denied List of the RODC PRP.
Remove-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicy	Removes an Active Directory fine-grained password policy.
Remove-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicySubject	Removes one or more users from a fine-grained password policy.
Remove-ADGroup	Removes an Active Directory group.
Remove-ADGroupMember	Removes one or more members from an Active Directory group.
Remove-ADObject	Removes an Active Directory object.
Remove-ADOrganizationalUnit	Removes an Active Directory OU.
Remove-ADPrincipalGroupMembership	Removes a member from one or more Active Directory groups.
Remove-ADServiceAccount	Removes an Active Directory service account.
Remove-ADUser	Removes an Active Directory user.
Rename-ADObject	Changes the name of an Active Directory object.
Reset-ADServiceAccountPassword	Resets the service account password for a computer.
Restore-ADObject	Restores an Active Directory object.
Search-ADAccount	Gets Active Directory user, computer, and service accounts.
Set-ADAccountControl	Modifies user account control (UAC) values for an Active Directory account.
Set-ADAccountExpiration	Sets the expiration date for an Active Directory account.
Set-ADAccountPassword	Modifies the password of an Active Directory account.
Set-ADComputer	Modifies an Active Directory computer.
Set-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy	Modifies the default password policy for an Active Directory domain.
Set-ADDomain	Modifies an Active Directory domain.
Set-ADDomainMode	Sets the domain functional level for an Active Directory domain.
Set-ADFineGrainedPasswordPolicy	Modifies an Active Directory fine-grained password policy.
Set-ADForest	Modifies an Active Directory forest.
Set-ADForestMode	Sets the forest mode for an Active Directory forest.
Set-ADGroup	Modifies an Active Directory group.
Set-ADObject	Modifies an Active Directory object.
Set-ADOrganizationalUnit	Modifies an Active Directory OU.
Set-ADServiceAccount	Modifies an Active Directory service account.
Set-ADUser	Modifies an Active Directory user.
Uninstall-ADServiceAccount	Uninstalls an Active Directory service account from a computer.
Unlock-ADAccount	Unlocks an Active Directory account.

More information

For more information about the cmdlets, see the following: