将 GROUP BY 与 ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 一起使用

在下例中，简单 GROUP BY 将返回一个结果集以便与示例 B 到 K 的结果集进行比较。这些示例使用 GROUP BY 运算符和相同的 SELECT 语句。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,S.Name,H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下例中，ROLLUP 运算符返回一个包含以下分组的结果集：

• Region、Country、Store 和 SalesPersonID

• Region、Country 和 Store

• Region和 Country

• Region

• 总计

ROLLUP 生成的分组数等于 ROLLUP 列表中的列数加上总计分组数。分组中的行数由分组的列中的值的唯一组合数确定。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales' 
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY ROLLUP(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下例中，ROLLUP 运算符返回一个包含以下分组的结果集：

• SalesPersonID、Store、Country 和 Region

• SalesPersonID、Store 和 Country

• SalesPersonID和 Store

• SalesPersonID

• 总计

ROLLUP 列表中的列与示例 B 中的那些列相同，但其顺序相反。列从右至左进行汇总，因此，顺序会影响分组。结果集中的行数可能会随列顺序而变化。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY ROLLUP(
    H.SalesPersonID, S.Name, T.CountryRegionCode, T.[Group])
ORDER BY H.SalesPersonID, S.Name, T.CountryRegionCode, T.[Group];

下面是结果集：

下例将返回两个 ROLLUP 操作的叉积。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY 
    ROLLUP(T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,ROLLUP(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

下面是结果集：

在下面的示例中，CUBE 运算符返回的结果集具有一个针对 CUBE 列表和总计分组中的列的所有可能组合的分组。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer AS C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY CUBE(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下面的示例中，CUBE 运算符返回的结果集具有一个针对 CUBE 列表和总计分组中的列的所有可能组合的分组。

该运算符将每个分组的列 (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode) 和 (DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)) 作为单个列来处理。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY CUBE(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

下面是结果集：

在下例中，GROUPING SETS 运算符具有四个分组，针对 SELECT 列表中的每列各一个。该运算符为 Region、Country、Store 和 SalesPersonID 列中的每个唯一值返回一行。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityId 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下例中，GROUPING SETS 列表包含两个组合元素 (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode) 和 (DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate))。每个组合元素都被视为一列。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

下面是结果集：

在下例中，GROUPING SETS 列表具有五个元素。结果集针对以下元素包含一行：

• Region 和 Country 列中值的每个唯一组合

• Store 列中的每个唯一值

• SalesPersonID 和 Region 列中值的每个唯一组合

• SalesPersonID 列中的每个唯一值

• 总计

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(S.Name)
    ,(H.SalesPersonID,T.[Group])
    ,(H.SalesPersonID)
    ,())
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下例中，GROUPING SETS 列表包含列 T.[Group] 和 T.CountryRegionCode 的分组以及列 S.Name 和 H.SalesPersonID 的 ROLLUP。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
   ,ROLLUP(S.Name, H.SalesPersonID))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：

在下例中，GROUPING SETS 列表包含列 T.[Group] 和 T.CountryRegionCode 的分组以及列 S.Name 和 H.SalesPersonID 的 CUBE。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,CUBE(S.Name, H.SalesPersonID))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

下面是结果集：