确定持有锁的查询

适用于：SQL ServerAzure SQL 数据库

数据库管理员通常需要识别影响数据库性能的锁定来源。

例如，您怀疑服务器的性能问题可能是由阻塞导致的。 查询 sys.dm_exec_requests 时，您发现处于挂起模式的若干会话具有等待类型，指示锁定就是等待的资源。

查询 sys.dm_tran_locks 后，结果显示许多锁定处于未完成状态，但是已授予锁定的会话没有任何以 sys.dm_exec_requests 显示的活动请求。

此示例说明如何确定占用锁定的查询、查询的计划以及占用锁定时的 Transact-SQL 堆栈。 本示例还说明了在扩展事件会话中如何使用配对目标。

若要完成此任务，需使用 SQL Server Management Studio 中的查询编辑器执行以下过程。

确定保持锁定的查询

1. 在查询编辑器中发出以下语句：

   -- Perform cleanup.   
   IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.server_event_sessions WHERE name='FindBlockers')  
       DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
   GO  
   -- Use dynamic SQL to create the event session and allow creating a -- predicate on the AdventureWorks database id.  
   --  
   DECLARE @dbid int  
   
   SELECT @dbid = db_id('AdventureWorks')  
   
   IF @dbid IS NULL  
   BEGIN  
       RAISERROR('AdventureWorks is not installed. Install AdventureWorks before proceeding', 17, 1)  
       RETURN  
   END  
   
   DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1024)  
   SET @sql = '  
   CREATE EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
   ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired   
       (action   
           ( sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.database_id, sqlserver.tsql_stack,  
            sqlserver.plan_handle, sqlserver.session_id)  
       WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0)   
       ),  
   ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_released   
       (WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0 ))  
   ADD TARGET package0.pair_matching   
       ( SET begin_event=''sqlserver.lock_acquired'',   
               begin_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',   
               end_event=''sqlserver.lock_released'',   
               end_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',  
       respond_to_memory_pressure=1)  
   WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)'  
   
   EXEC (@sql)  
   --   
   -- Create the metadata for the event session  
   -- Start the event session  
   --  
   ALTER EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
   STATE = START  
   

2. 在服务器上执行工作负荷后，在查询编辑器中发出以下语句来查找仍保持锁定的查询。

   --  
   -- The pair matching targets report current unpaired events using   
   -- the sys.dm_xe_session_targets dynamic management view (DMV)  
   -- in XML format.  
   -- The following query retrieves the data from the DMV and stores  
   -- key data in a temporary table to speed subsequent access and  
   -- retrieval.  
   --  
   SELECT   
   objlocks.value('(action[@name="session_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')  
           AS session_id,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="database_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')   
           AS database_id,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_type"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)' )   
           AS resource_type,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_0"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
           AS resource_0,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_1"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
           AS resource_1,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_2"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
           AS resource_2,  
       objlocks.value('(data[@name="mode"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)')   
           AS mode,  
       objlocks.value('(action[@name="sql_text"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)')   
           AS sql_text,  
       CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="plan_handle"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
           AS plan_handle,      
       CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="tsql_stack"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
           AS tsql_stack  
   INTO #unmatched_locks  
   FROM (  
       SELECT CAST(xest.target_data as xml)   
           lockinfo  
       FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets xest  
       JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions xes ON xes.address = xest.event_session_address  
       WHERE xest.target_name = 'pair_matching' AND xes.name = 'FindBlockers'  
   ) heldlocks  
   CROSS APPLY lockinfo.nodes('//event[@name="lock_acquired"]') AS T(objlocks)  
   
   --  
   -- Join the data acquired from the pairing target with other   
   -- DMVs to return provide additional information about blockers  
   --  
   SELECT ul.*  
       FROM #unmatched_locks ul  
       INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_locks tl ON ul.database_id = tl.resource_database_id AND ul.resource_type = tl.resource_type  
       WHERE resource_0 IS NOT NULL  
       AND session_id IN   
           (SELECT blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id != 0)  
       AND tl.request_status='wait'  
       AND REPLACE(ul.mode, 'LCK_M_', '' ) = tl.request_mode  
   
   

3. 识别问题后，删除所有临时表和事件会话。

   DROP TABLE #unmatched_locks  
   DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
   

另请参阅

CREATE EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
ALTER EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
DROP EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_session_targets (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_sessions (Transact-SQL)