搭配 ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 使用 GROUP BY

在下列範例中，簡單的 GROUP BY 傳回的結果集，可與範例 B 到 K 的結果集進行比較。這些範例使用具有相同 SELECT 陳述式的 GROUP BY 運算子。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,S.Name,H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，ROLLUP 運算子會傳回包含下列群組的結果集：

• Region、Country、Store 和 SalesPersonID

• Region、Country 和 Store

• Region和 Country

• Region

• 總計

由 ROLLUP 所產生的群組數目，等於在 ROLLUP 清單中的資料行加上總計群組的數目。群組中的資料列數，由群組資料行中的唯一組合值的數目來決定。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales' 
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY ROLLUP(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，ROLLUP 運算子會傳回包含下列群組的結果集：

• SalesPersonID、Store、Country 和 Region

• SalesPersonID、Store 和 Country

• SalesPersonID和Store

• SalesPersonID

• 總計

在 ROLLUP 清單中的資料行與在範例 B 中的相同，只是順序相反。資料行是由左到右積存，因此，順序會影響到群組。在結果集中的資料列數可能與資料行順序不同。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 290, 288)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY ROLLUP(
    H.SalesPersonID, S.Name, T.CountryRegionCode, T.[Group])
ORDER BY H.SalesPersonID, S.Name, T.CountryRegionCode, T.[Group];

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，傳回兩項 ROLLUP 作業的交叉乘積。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY 
    ROLLUP(T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,ROLLUP(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，CUBE 運算子傳回的結果集會有一個代表 CUBE 清單中資料行的所有可能組合的群組，以及一個總計群組。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer AS C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY CUBE(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，CUBE 運算子傳回的結果集會有一個代表 CUBE 清單中資料行的所有可能組合的群組，以及一個總計群組。

針對已分組的資料行 (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode) 和 (DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate))，運算子將之視為單一資料行來處理。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY CUBE(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，GROUPING SETS 運算子有四個群組，分別代表 SELECT 清單中的每個資料行。運算子在 Region、Country、Store, 和 SalesPersonID 資料行中，針對每個唯一值傳回一個資料列。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityId 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID)
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，GROUPING SETS 清單包含兩個複合元素：(T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode) 和 (DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate))。每個複合元素會被視為一個資料行。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) AS 'Year'
    ,DATEPART(mm,OrderDate) AS 'Month'
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate) = '2006'
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,DATEPART(yyyy,OrderDate), DATEPART(mm,OrderDate);

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，GROUPING SETS 清單有五個元素。結果集中會有包含下列元素的一個資料列：

• 在 Region 和 Country 資料行中的每個唯一組合值

• 在 Store 資料行中的每個唯一值

• 在 SalesPersonID 和 Region 資料行中的每個唯一組合值

• 在 SalesPersonID 資料行中的每個唯一值

• 總計

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    (T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode)
    ,(S.Name)
    ,(H.SalesPersonID,T.[Group])
    ,(H.SalesPersonID)
    ,())
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，GROUPING SETS 清單包含 T.[Group] 和 T.CountryRegionCode 資料行的群組，以及 S.Name 和 H.SalesPersonID 資料行的 ROLLUP。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
   ,ROLLUP(S.Name, H.SalesPersonID))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：

在下列範例中，GROUPING SETS 清單包含 T.[Group] 和 T.CountryRegionCode 資料行的群組，以及 S.Name 和 H.SalesPersonID 資料行的 CUBE。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
SELECT T.[Group] AS N'Region', T.CountryRegionCode AS N'Country'
    ,S.Name AS N'Store', H.SalesPersonID
    ,SUM(TotalDue) AS N'Total Sales'
FROM Sales.Customer C
    INNER JOIN Sales.Store AS S
        ON C.StoreID  = S.BusinessEntityID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory AS T
        ON C.TerritoryID  = T.TerritoryID 
    INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H
        ON C.CustomerID = H.CustomerID
WHERE T.[Group] = N'Europe'
    AND T.CountryRegionCode IN(N'DE', N'FR')
    AND H.SalesPersonID IN(287, 288, 290)
    AND SUBSTRING(S.Name,1,4)IN(N'Vers', N'Spa ')
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(
    T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode
    ,CUBE(S.Name, H.SalesPersonID))
ORDER BY T.[Group], T.CountryRegionCode, S.Name, H.SalesPersonID;

以下為結果集：